- FOREWORD
- HVAC SOUND AND VIBRATION TASK FORCE
- NOTICE TO USERS OF THIS PUBLICATION
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- CHAPTER 1 BASICS OF SOUND AND THE ASSESSMENT OF SOUND [Go to Page]
- 1.1 SOUND WAVES
- 1.2 TYPES OF SOUND WAVES
- 1.3 SOUND FIELDS OF SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCES
- 1.4 SOURCE, PATH, AND RECEIVER
- 1.5 SOUND PRESSURE, SOUND INTENSITY, AND SOUND POWER
- 1.6 DECIBELS AND LEVELS
- 1.7 PRESENCE OF BACKGROUND SOUND
- 1.8 WEIGHTING NETWORKS AND OCTAVE AND THIRD OCTAVE FREQUENCY BANDS
- 1.9 HOW THE HUMAN EAR RESPONDS TO SOUND
- 1.10 INDOOR SOUND CRITERIA
- TABLE 1-1 ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH WEIGHTING NETWORKS
- TABLE 1-2 BAND LIMITS AND CENTER FREQUENCIES FOR OCTAVE FREQUENCY BANDS (Hz)
- TABLE 1-3 SIGNIFICANT FREQUENCY RANGES FOR HEARING
- TABLE 1-4 SUBJECTIVE RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EAR
- TABLE 1-5 SUBJECTIVE EFFECTS TO CHANGES IN SOUND LEVELS
- TABLE 1-6 DEFINITION OF THE SOUND QUALITY DESCRIPTOR AND THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT INDEX (QAI) TO AID IN INTERPRETING RC MARK II RATINGS FOR HVAC-RELATED SOUND
- TABLE 1-7 DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HVAC RELATED BACKGROUND SOUND IN ROOMS RECOMMENDED BY ASHRAE
- TABLE 1-8 LISTENING CONDITIONS AND TELEPHONE USE AS A FUNCTION OF NC CRITERIA
- TABLE 1-9 COMPARISON OF SOUND RATING METHODS
- FIGURE 1-1 PROPAGATION OF SOUND
- FIGURE 1-2 SUCCESSIVE WAVE FRONTS FOR PLANE, CYLINDRICAL, AND SPHERICAL WAVES
- FIGURE 1-3 RADIATION FIELDS OF A SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCE
- FIGURE 1-4 ACOUSTIC FREE AND REVERBERANT SOUND FIELDS
- FIGURE 1-5 SOURCE, PATH, AND RECEIVER
- FIGURE 1-6 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM ADJACENT TO OFFICE AREA
- FIGURE 1-7 SOUND ENERGY FLOWING OUTWARD FROM A SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCE THROUGH A SOLID ANGLE
- FIGURE 1-8 SOUND RADIATED BY A SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCE
- FIGURE 1-9 NOMOGRAM FOR COMBINING THE SOUND LEVELS OF UNCORRELATED SOUND SOURCES
- FIGURE 1-10 NOMOGRAM FOR DETERMINING THE SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL OF A SOUND SOURCE IN THE PRESENCE OF BACKGROUND SOUND
- FIGURE 1-11 A AND C WEIGHTING NETWORKS
- FIGURE 1-12 NORMALIZED RESPONSE OF OCTAVE AND THIRD OCTAVE BAND FILTERS
- FIGURE 1-13 RESPONSE CHARACATERISTICS OF A TYPICAL OCTAVE BAND FILTER SET
- FIGURE 1-14 THRESHOLDS OF HEARING
- FIGURE 1-15 FREQUENCY RANGES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND THE HUMAN VOICE
- FIGURE 1-16 EQUAL LOUDNESS CONTOURS FOR PURE TONES IN A FREE FIELD
- FIGURE 1-17 NOISE CRITERIA (NC) CURVES
- FIGURE 1-18 NC LEVEL FOR EXAMPLE 1.4
- FIGURE 1-19 BALANCED NOISE CRITERIA (NCB) CURVES
- FIGURE 1-20 NCB RATING FOR TOTAL BACKGROUND NOISE IN EXAMPLE 1-5
- FIGURE 1-21 ROOM CRITERION (RC) CURVES
- FIGURE 1-22 RC RATING FOR BACKGROUND NOISE IN EXAMPLE 1-6
- FIGURE 1-23 ROOM CRITERION (RC) CURVES FOR THE MARK II METHOD
- FIGURE 1-24 RC RATING FOR BACKGROUND SOUND IN EXAMPLE 1-7
- EXAMPLE 1-1
- EXAMPLE 1-2
- EXAMPLE 1-3
- EXAMPLE 1-4
- EXAMPLE 1-5
- EXAMPLE 1-6
- EXAMPLE 1-7
- CHAPTER 2 MECHANICAL VIBRATION [Go to Page]
- 2.1 VIBRATION IN BUILDINGS
- 2.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF VIBRATION
- 2. 3 VIBRATION CRITERIA
- 2.4 VIBRATION ISOLATION: ONEDEGREE- OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS
- 2.5 VIBRATION ISOLATION: TWODEGREE- OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS
- 2.6 VIBRATION ISOLATORS
- 2.7 STRUCTURAL ISOLATION BASES
- 2.8 CURB BASES
- 2.9 FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS
- 2.10 FLOATING FLOORS
- 2.11 FLOOR CONSTRUCTIONS USED TO SUPPORT MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
- 2.12 EQUIPMENT VIBRATION ISOLATION REQUIREMENTS
- 2.13 VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEMS
- 2.14 VIBRATION ISOLATOR SELECTION
- 2.15 INVESTIGATION OF VIBRATION PROBLEMS
- 2.16 CAUSES OF STRUCTURE-BORNE VIBRATION PROBLEMS
- TABLE 2-1 VIBRATION CRITERIA CURVES ACCEPTABLE VIBRATION IN BUILDINGS FOR CONTINUOUS VIBRATION (CURVES REFER TO VALUES SPECIFIED FIGURE 2-5)
- TABLE 2-2 LIGHTWEIGHT FLOOR CONSTRUCTIONS
- TABLE 2-3 EQUIPMENT THAT REQUIRES VIBRATION ISOLATION
- TABLE 2-4 VIBRATION ISOLATOR SELECTION GUIDE
- TABLE 2-5 POTENTIAL CAUSES OF MACHINE-RELATED VIBRATION PROBLEMS
- FIGURE 2-1 ONE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRATING SYSTEM
- FIGURE 2-2 HARMONIC MOTION
- FIGURE 2-3 AMPLITUDE AND PHASE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
- FIGURE 2-4 RELATION BETWEEN STATIC DEFLECTION, d, AND RESONANCE FREQUENCY, fN
- FIGURE 2-5 VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM WITH FOUR SPRINGS
- FIGURE 2-5 (I-P) BUILDING VIBRATION CRITERIA FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON THE BUILDING STRUCTURE
- FIGURE 2-5 (SI) BUILDING VIBRATION CRITERIA FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON THE BUILDING STRUCTURE
- FIGURE 2-6 (I-P) EQUIPMENT VIBRATION SEVERITY RATING FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON EQUIPMENT STRUCTURE OR BEARING CAPS
- FIGURE 2-6 (SI) EQUIPMENT VIBRATION SEVERITY RATING FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON EQUIPMENT STRUCTURE OR BEARING CAPS
- FIGURE 2-7 MAGNIFICATION FACTOR AND FORCE TRANSMISSIBILITY AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY RATIO
- FIGURE 2-8 SCHEMATIC OF TWO-DEGREE-OFFREEDOM VIBRATION MODEL
- FIGURE 2-9 TYPICAL TWO-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRATION RESPONSE OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM ON A FLEXIBLE FLOOR
- FIGURE 2-10 OPEN EXPOSED SPRING MOUNT
- FIGURE 2-11 RESTRAINED SPRING MOUNT
- FIGURE 2-12 SPRING HANGER
- FIGURE 2-13 NEOPRENE MOUNT
- FIGURE 2-14 NEOPRENE PAD
- FIGURE 2-15 PNEUMATIC VIBRATION ISOLATOR
- FIGURE 2-16 GLASS FIBER PAD
- FIGURE 2-17 STRUCTURAL BASE
- FIGURE 2-18 STEEL SADDLES
- FIGURE 2-19 CONCRETE-STEEL FORM BASE
- FIGURE 2-20 CURB BASE
- FIGURE 2-21 SPRING THRUST RESTRAINT
- FIGURE 2-22 SPRING HANGERS USED TO SUPPORT DUCTS
- FIGURE 2-23 BUTYL FLEXIBLE HOSES
- FIGURE 2-24 BRAIDED STAINLESS STEEL HOSES
- FIGURE 2-25 RUBBER EXPANSION JOINT
- FIGURE 2-26 PIPE VIBRATION ISOLATION
- FIGURE 2-27 SPRING HANGERS USED TO SUPPORT PIPES
- FIGURE 2-28 RISER VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM
- FIGURE 2-29 RISER VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM
- FIGURE 2-30 FLOATING CONCRETE FLOORS
- FIGURE 2-31 JACK-UP FLOATING FLOOR
- FIGURE 2-32 WOODEN FLOATING FLOOR
- EXAMPLE 2-1
- CHAPTER 3 ACOUSTICAL DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS [Go to Page]
- 3.1 SOUND LEVELS
- 3.2 SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDELINES
- 3.3 SOUND PATH DESIGN PROCEDURES
- 3.4 EQUIPMENT SOUND DATA
- 3.5 FANS
- 3.6 VARIABLE-AIR-VOLUME (VAV) SYSTEMS
- 3.7 ROOFTOP CURB-MOUNTED AIR HANDLERS
- 3.8 AIRFLOW GENERATED DUCT RUMBLE
- 3.9 AERODYNAMICALLY GENERATED SOUND IN DUCTS
- TABLE 3-1 SOUND SOURCES, TRANSMISSION PATHS, AND RECOMMENDED NOISE REDUCTION METHODS
- TABLE 3-2 (I-P) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED DUCT AIRFLOW VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA
- TABLE 3-2 (SI) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED DUCT AIRFLOW VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA
- TABLE 3-3 (I-P) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED ìFREEî SUPPLY OUTLET AND RETURN AIR OPENING VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA
- TABLE 3-3 (SI) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED ìFREEî SUPPLY OUTLET AND RETURN AIR OPENING VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA
- FIGURE 3-1 ILLUSTRATION OF WELLBALANCED HVAC SOUND SPECTRUM FOR OCCUPIED SPACES
- FIGURE 3-2 FREQUENCY RANGES OF THE MOST LIKELY SOURCES OF ACOUSTICAL COMPLAINTS
- FIGURE 3-3 FREQUENCIES AT WHICH DIFFERENT TYPES OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT GENERALLY CONTROL SOUND SPECTRA
- FIGURE 3.4 SUGGESTED SELECTION OF CALCULATED FAN POINT OF OPERATION
- FIGURE 3-5 BASIS FOR FAN SELECTION IN VAV SYSTEM
- FIGURE 3-6 SOUND PATHS FOR TYPICAL ROOFTOP INSTALLATIONS
- FIGURE 3-7 FLOW-GENERATED DUCT RUMBLE
- FIGURE 3-8 VARIOUS OUTLET CONFIGURATIONS FOR CENTRIFUGAL FANS AND THEIR POSSIBLE RUMBLE CONDITIONS
- FIGURE 3-9 DRYWALL LAGGING ON DUCT FOR DUCT RUMBLE
- FIGURE 3-10 DECOUPLED DRYWALL ENCLOSURE FOR DUCT RUMBLE
- FIGURE 3-11 RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH EXTERNAL LAGGING
- FIGURE 3-12 ROUND DUCT FOR CONTROLLING DUCT RUMBLE
- FIGURE 3-13 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT TRANSITIONS AND OFFSETS
- FIGURE 3-14 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT
- FIGURE 3-15 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT TEES
- FIGURE 3-16 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT ELBOWS
- FIGURE 3-17 PROPER AND IMPROPER AIRFLOW CONDITIONS TO AN AIR TERMINAL OUTLET
- FIGURE 3-18 EFFECT OF PROPER AND IMPROPER ALIGNMENT OF FLEXIBLE DUCT CONNECTOR
- CHAPTER 4 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND [Go to Page]
- 4.1 INTRODUCTION
- 4.2 FANS
- 4.3 REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT
- 4.4 BOILERS AND STEAM EQUIPMENT
- 4.5 COOLING TOWERS
- 4.6 RECIPROCATING ENGINES
- 4.7 GAS TURBINE ENGINES
- 4.8 ELECTRIC GENERATORS
- 4.9 ELECTRIC MOTORS
- 4.10 PUMPS
- 4.11 AIR COMPRESSORS
- 4.12 ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS
- TABLE 4-1 SPECIFIC SOUND POWER LEVELS, KW (DB) FOR FAN TOTAL SOUND POWER
- TABLE 4-2 BLADE FREQUENCY INCREMENTS (BFI)
- TABLE 4-3 CORRECTION FACTOR, C, FOR OFF-PEAK OPERATION
- TABLE 4-4 CORRECTION VALUES FOR OBTAINING CHILLER OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS
- TABLE 4-5 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR ABSORPTION MACHINES
- TABLE 4-6 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR BOILERS AND STEAM EQUIPMENT
- TABLE 4-7 FREQUENCY CORRECTION VALUES FOR COOLING TOWERS
- TABLE 4-8 CORRECTIONS TO AVERAGE LP VALUES FOR DIRECTION EFFECTS OF COOLING TOWERS
- TABLE 4-9 APPROXIMATE CLOSE-IN LP NEAR THE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE OPENINGS OF COOLING TOWERS
- TABLE 4-10 CORRECTION TERMS FOR EQUATION 4-10
- TABLE 4-11 CORRECTION TERMS FOR LW CALCULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RECIPROCATING ENGINES
- TABLE 4-12 CORRECTION TERMS FOR LW CALCULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH GAS TURBINES
- TABLE 4-13 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRIC GENERATORS
- TABLE 4-14 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRIC MOTORS
- TABLE 4-15 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH PUMPS
- TABLE 4-16 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR AIR COMPRESSORS
- TABLE 4-17 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS
- FIGURE 4-1 COOLING TOWERS
- EXAMPLE 4-1
- EXAMPLE 4-2
- EXAMPLE 4-3
- EXAMPLE 4-4
- EXAMPLE 4-5
- EXAMPLE 4-6
- EXAMPLE 4-7
- EXAMPLE 4-8
- EXAMPLE 4-9
- CHAPTER 5 SOUND GENERATION AND ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH DUCTS AND DUCT FITTINGS [Go to Page]
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 REGENERATED SOUND POWER ASSOCIATED WITH DUCT FITTINGS
- 5.3 SOUND ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH DUCT ELEMENTS
- 5.4 SOUND POWER BREAKOUT AND BREAKIN IN DUCTS
- 5.5 INSERTION LOSS OF EXTERNAL LAGGING ON RECTANGULAR DUCTS
- TABLE 5-1 ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS FOR SELECTED PLENUM MATERIALS
- TABLE 5-2 SOUND ATTENUATION IN UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
- TABLE 5-3 (I-P) SOUND ATTENUATION (DB/FT) IN UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
- TABLE 5-3 (SI) SOUND ATTENUATION (DB/M) IN UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
- TABLE 5-4 CONSTANTS FOR USE IN EQUATION 5-45
- TABLE 5-5 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 1-in. FIBERGLASS LINING
- TABLE 5-5 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 25-mm FIBERGLASS LINING
- TABLE 5-6 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 2-in. FIBERGLASS LINING
- TABLE 5-6 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 51-mm FIBERGLASS LINING
- TABLE 5-7 (I-P) SOUND ATTENUATION IN STRAIGHT CIRCULAR DUCTS (DB/FT)
- TABLE 5-7 (SI) SOUND ATTENUATION IN STRAIGHT CIRCULAR DUCTS (DB/M)
- TABLE 5-8 COEFFICIENTS FOR EQUATION 5-48
- TABLE 5-9 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 1-in. FIBERGLASS LINING
- TABLE 5-9 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 25-mm FIBERGLASS LINING
- TABLE 5-10 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 2-in. FIBERGLASS LINING
- TABLE 5-10 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 51-mm FIBERGLASS LINING
- TABLE 5-11 (I-P) VALUES OF BW (KHz-IN.)
- TABLE 5-11 (SI) VALUES OF BW (KHz-MM)
- TABLE 5-12 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITHOUT TURNING VANES
- TABLE 5-12 (SI) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITHOUT TURNING VANES
- TABLE 5-13 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF ROUND ELBOWS
- TABLE 5-13 (SI) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF ROUND ELBOWS
- TABLE 5-14 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITH TURNING VANES
- TABLE 5-14 (SI) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITH TURNING VANES
- TABLE 5-15 7 FT (2.1 M), RECTANGULAR SILENCER - 20-25 PERCENT OPEN FACE AREA
- TABLE 5-16 7 FT (2.1 M), RECTANGULAR SILENCER - 45-50 PERCENT OPEN FACE AREA
- TABLE 5-17 CIRCULAR SILENCER WITH A CENTER BODY
- TABLE 5-18 CIRCULAR SILENCER WITHOUT A CENTER BODY
- TABLE 5-19 COEFFICIENTS FOR DETERMINING STATIC PRESSURE DROP ACROSS DUCT SILENCERS
- TABLE 5-20 COEFFICIENTS FOR SYSTEM COMPONENT EFFECTS ON DUCT SILENCERS
- TABLE 5-21 DUCT BRANCH SOUND POWER DIVISION
- TABLE 5-22 DUCT END REFLECTION LOSS DUCT TERMINATED IN FREE SPACE
- TABLE 5-23 DUCT END REFLECTION LOSS DUCT TERMINATED FLUSH WITH A WALL
- TABLE 5-24 TLOUT VALUES FOR UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
- TABLE 5-25 TLOUT VALUES FOR 1-in.-THICK (25 mm), FIGERGLASS-LINED, RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
- TABLE 5-26 TLOUT VALUES FOR UNLINED, SPIRAL-WOUND, CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
- TABLE 5-27 TLOUT VALUES FOR 1-in.-THICK (25 mm), FIBERGLASS-LINED, SPIRAL-WOUND, CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
- TABLE 5-28 TLOUT VALUES FOR 1-in.-THICK (25 mm), 4.4 lb/ft3 (70.5 kg/m3) DENSITY, FOIL-BACK, FIBERGLASS DUCT BOARD DUCTS
- TABLE 5-29 TLOUT VS. FREQUENCY FOR FLAT OVAL DUCTS
- TABLE 5-30 TLIN VS. FREQUENCY FOR FLAT OVAL DUCTS
- FIGURE 5-1 DAMPER
- FIGURE 5-2 CHARACTERISTIC SPECTRUM, KD, FOR DAMPERS
- FIGURE 5-3 90-DEGREE ELBOW FITTED WITH TURNING VANES
- FIGURE 5-4 CHARACTERISTIC SPECTRUM, KT, FOR ELBOWS FITTED WITH TURNING VANES
- FIGURE 5-5 ELBOWS, JUNCTIONS, AND BRANCH TAKEOFFS
- FIGURE 5-6 CORRECTION FACTORS FOR CORNER ROUNDING AND FOR UPSTREAM TURBULENCE
- FIGURE 5-7 CHARACTERISTIC SPECTRUM, KJ, FOR TURNS AND JUNCTIONS
- FIGURE 5-8 GENERALIZED OCTAVE BAND SPECTRUM SHAPE ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFUSER NOISE
- FIGURE 5-9 SCHEMATIC OF A PLENUM CHAMBER
- FIGURE 5-10 INSERTION LOSS VALUES FOR UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITHOUT TURNING VANES
- FIGURE 5-11 RECTANGULAR DUCT ELBOWS
- FIGURE 5-12 DISSIPATIVE PASSIVE DUCT SILENCERS
- FIGURE 5-13 ACTIVE DUCT SILENCER
- FIGURE 5-14 INSERTION LOSS OF ACTIVE AND DISSIPATIVE SILENCERS
- FIGURE 5-15 BREAKOUT AND BREAKIN OF SOUND IN DUCTS
- FIGURE 5-16 TLOUT ASSOCIATED WITH UNLINED AND ACOUSTICALLY LINED RECTANGULAR DUCTS
- FIGURE 5-17 TLOUT ASSOCIATED WITH UNLINED AND ACOUSTICALLY LINED SPIRALWOUND CIRCULAR DUCTS
- FIGURE 5-18 TLOUT ASSOCIATED WITH FOILBACK, FIBERGLASS DUCT BOARD DUCTS
- FIGURE 5-19 FLAT OVAL DUCT
- FIGURE 5-20 EXTERNAL DUCT LAGGING ON RECTANGULAR DUCTS
- FIGURE 5-21 INSERTION LOSS ASSOCIATAED WITH RECTANGULAR DUCT LAGGING
- EXAMPLE 5-1
- EXAMPLE 5-2
- EXAMPLE 5-3 (X-Junction)
- EXAMPLE 5-4 (T-Junction)
- EXAMPLE 5-5 (90-degree Elbow without Turning Vanes)
- EXAMPLE 5-6 (90-degree Branch Takeoff)
- EXAMPLE 5-7
- EXAMPLE 5-8
- EXAMPLE 5-9
- EXAMPLE 5-10
- EXAMPLE 5-11
- EXAMPLE 5-12
- EXAMPLE 5-13
- EXAMPLE 5-14
- EXAMPLE 5-15
- EXAMPLE 5-16
- EXAMPLE 5-17
- EXAMPLE 5-18
- EXAMPLE 5-19
- EXAMPLE 5-20
- EXAMPLE 5-21
- EXAMPLE 5-19
- EXAMPLE 5-20
- CHAPTER 6 SOUND TRANSMISSION IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACES [Go to Page]
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.2 SOUND TRANSMISSION THROUGH CEILING SYSTEMS
- 6.3 RECEIVER ROOM SOUND CORRECTIONS
- 6.4 SOUND TRANSMISSION THROUGH MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM WALLS, FLOOR, OR CEILING
- 6.5 SOUND TRANSMISSION IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
- TABLE 6-1 (I-P) TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES FOR CEILING MATERIALS
- TABLE 6-1 (SI) TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES FOR CEILING MATERIALS
- TABLE 6-2 FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEILING CONFIGURATIONS
- TABLE 6-3 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF TYPICAL INTEGRATED CEILING SYSTEMS
- Table 6-4 (I-P) CEILING/PLENUM/ROOM SOUND ATTENUATION FOR GENERIC SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEMS*
- Table 6-4 (SI) CEILING/PLENUM/ROOM SOUND ATTENUATION FOR GENERIC SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEMS*
- TABLE 6-5 AVERAGE SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT, , FOR TYPICAL ROOM SURFACES
- TABLE 6-6 ENERGY ATTENUATION CONSTANT, 4m
- TABLE 6-7 SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS FOR VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
- TABLE 6-8 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF DRYWALL CONFIGURATIONS
- TABLE 6-9 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF MASONRY/FLOOR/CEILING CONFIGURATIONS
- TABLE 6-10 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF PAINTED MASONRY BLOCK WALLS AND PAINTED BLOCK WALLS WITH RESILIENTLY MOUNTED GYPSUM WALLBOARD
- TABLE 6-11 CORRECTION FACTORS FOR THE QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION
- FIGURE 6-1 SOUND SOURCE NEAR A REFLECTING SURFACE
- FIGURE 6-2 CORRECTION FACTOR, DL, ASSOCIATED WITH A VERTICAL REFLECTING SURFACE
- FIGURE 6-3 RIGID FINITE BARRIER
- FIGURE 6-4 EXCESS ATTENUATION OF SOUND ASSOCIATED WITH A FINITE RIGID BARRIER
- EXAMPLE 6-1
- EXAMPLE 6-2
- EXAMPLE 6-3
- EXAMPLE 6-4
- EXAMPLE 6-5
- CHAPTER 7 HVAC SYSTEM EXAMPLE [Go to Page]
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.2 EXAMPLE
- TABLE 7-1 SUPPLY AIR SOUND PATH 1
- TABLE 7-2 SUPPLY AIR SOUND PATH 2
- TABLE 7-3 RETURN AIR SOUND PATH 3
- TABLE 7-4 TOTAL SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS - ALL PATHS
- FIGURE 7-1 SOUND PATHS FOR THE ROOF TOP UNIT
- FIGURE 7-2 SOUND PATHS 1 AND 2 IN THE SUPPLY AIR SIDE OF THE ROOF TOP UNIT
- FIGURE 7-3 SOUND PATH 3 IN THE RETURN AIR SIDE OF THE ROOF TOP UNIT
- CHAPTER 8 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND AND VIBRATION SPECIFICATIONS AND INSPECTIONS [Go to Page]
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND AND VIBRATION SPECIFICATIONS
- 8.3 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND AND VIBRATION ISOLATION INSPECTIONS
- CHAPTER 9 SOUND INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS [Go to Page]
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 SOUND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION
- 9.3 INDOOR SOUND MEASUREMENTS
- 9.4 OUTDOOR SOUND MEASUREMENTS
- FIGURE 9-1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SOUND LEVEL METER
- FIGURE 9-2 SECTIONAL VIEW OF A CONDENSER MICROPHONE
- FIGURE 9-3 RECOMMENDED MICROPHONES AND MICROPHONE ORIENTATIONS FOR FREE FIELD AND DIFFUSE FIELD SOUND MEASUREMENTS
- FIGURE 9-4 POSITION OF SOUND LEVEL METER FOR MEASURING SOUND LEVELS
- CHAPTER 10 VIBRATION INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS [Go to Page]
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 VIBRATION MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION
- 10.3 INDOOR VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
- 10.4 LOCATIONS FOR THE VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
- 10.5 VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
- 10.6 ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
- 10.7 REPORT
- FIGURE 10-1 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE STUD-MOUNTED ACCELEROMETER WITH OIL FILM RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
- FIGURE 10-2 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE CEMENT-MOUNTED ACCELEROMETER RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
- FIGURE 10-3 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE ACCELEROMETER MOUNTED BY DOUBLE-SIDED ADHESIVE TAPE RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
- FIGURE 10-4 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE ACCELEROMETER MOUNTED WITH A THIN LAYER OF BEESWAX RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
- FIGURE 10-5 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE MAGNETICALLY MOUNTED ACCELEROMETER RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
- FIGURE 10-6 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE ACCELEROMETER ATTACHED TO A HAND-HELD PROBE RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT THE CONTACT POINT
- FIGURE 10-7 POSITIONS AND DIRECTIONS OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENT ON MOTOR AND SHAFT BEARINGS
- FIGURE 10-8 LOCATIONS OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS ON STRUCTURAL MACHINE BASES
- FIGURE 10-9 LOCATIONS OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS ON INERTIA MACHINE BASES
- REFERENCES
- GLOSSARY
- INDEX [Go to Page]