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HVAC Sound and Vibration Manual, 1st Edition, 2004

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FOREWORD
HVAC SOUND AND VIBRATION TASK FORCE
NOTICE TO USERS OF THIS PUBLICATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 BASICS OF SOUND AND THE ASSESSMENT OF SOUND [Go to Page]
1.1 SOUND WAVES
1.2 TYPES OF SOUND WAVES
1.3 SOUND FIELDS OF SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCES
1.4 SOURCE, PATH, AND RECEIVER
1.5 SOUND PRESSURE, SOUND INTENSITY, AND SOUND POWER
1.6 DECIBELS AND LEVELS
1.7 PRESENCE OF BACKGROUND SOUND
1.8 WEIGHTING NETWORKS AND OCTAVE AND THIRD OCTAVE FREQUENCY BANDS
1.9 HOW THE HUMAN EAR RESPONDS TO SOUND
1.10 INDOOR SOUND CRITERIA
TABLE 1-1 ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH WEIGHTING NETWORKS
TABLE 1-2 BAND LIMITS AND CENTER FREQUENCIES FOR OCTAVE FREQUENCY BANDS (Hz)
TABLE 1-3 SIGNIFICANT FREQUENCY RANGES FOR HEARING
TABLE 1-4 SUBJECTIVE RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EAR
TABLE 1-5 SUBJECTIVE EFFECTS TO CHANGES IN SOUND LEVELS
TABLE 1-6 DEFINITION OF THE SOUND QUALITY DESCRIPTOR AND THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT INDEX (QAI) TO AID IN INTERPRETING RC MARK II RATINGS FOR HVAC-RELATED SOUND
TABLE 1-7 DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HVAC RELATED BACKGROUND SOUND IN ROOMS RECOMMENDED BY ASHRAE
TABLE 1-8 LISTENING CONDITIONS AND TELEPHONE USE AS A FUNCTION OF NC CRITERIA
TABLE 1-9 COMPARISON OF SOUND RATING METHODS
FIGURE 1-1 PROPAGATION OF SOUND
FIGURE 1-2 SUCCESSIVE WAVE FRONTS FOR PLANE, CYLINDRICAL, AND SPHERICAL WAVES
FIGURE 1-3 RADIATION FIELDS OF A SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCE
FIGURE 1-4 ACOUSTIC FREE AND REVERBERANT SOUND FIELDS
FIGURE 1-5 SOURCE, PATH, AND RECEIVER
FIGURE 1-6 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM ADJACENT TO OFFICE AREA
FIGURE 1-7 SOUND ENERGY FLOWING OUTWARD FROM A SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCE THROUGH A SOLID ANGLE
FIGURE 1-8 SOUND RADIATED BY A SPHERICAL SOUND SOURCE
FIGURE 1-9 NOMOGRAM FOR COMBINING THE SOUND LEVELS OF UNCORRELATED SOUND SOURCES
FIGURE 1-10 NOMOGRAM FOR DETERMINING THE SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL OF A SOUND SOURCE IN THE PRESENCE OF BACKGROUND SOUND
FIGURE 1-11 A AND C WEIGHTING NETWORKS
FIGURE 1-12 NORMALIZED RESPONSE OF OCTAVE AND THIRD OCTAVE BAND FILTERS
FIGURE 1-13 RESPONSE CHARACATERISTICS OF A TYPICAL OCTAVE BAND FILTER SET
FIGURE 1-14 THRESHOLDS OF HEARING
FIGURE 1-15 FREQUENCY RANGES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND THE HUMAN VOICE
FIGURE 1-16 EQUAL LOUDNESS CONTOURS FOR PURE TONES IN A FREE FIELD
FIGURE 1-17 NOISE CRITERIA (NC) CURVES
FIGURE 1-18 NC LEVEL FOR EXAMPLE 1.4
FIGURE 1-19 BALANCED NOISE CRITERIA (NCB) CURVES
FIGURE 1-20 NCB RATING FOR TOTAL BACKGROUND NOISE IN EXAMPLE 1-5
FIGURE 1-21 ROOM CRITERION (RC) CURVES
FIGURE 1-22 RC RATING FOR BACKGROUND NOISE IN EXAMPLE 1-6
FIGURE 1-23 ROOM CRITERION (RC) CURVES FOR THE MARK II METHOD
FIGURE 1-24 RC RATING FOR BACKGROUND SOUND IN EXAMPLE 1-7
EXAMPLE 1-1
EXAMPLE 1-2
EXAMPLE 1-3
EXAMPLE 1-4
EXAMPLE 1-5
EXAMPLE 1-6
EXAMPLE 1-7
CHAPTER 2 MECHANICAL VIBRATION [Go to Page]
2.1 VIBRATION IN BUILDINGS
2.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF VIBRATION
2. 3 VIBRATION CRITERIA
2.4 VIBRATION ISOLATION: ONEDEGREE- OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS
2.5 VIBRATION ISOLATION: TWODEGREE- OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS
2.6 VIBRATION ISOLATORS
2.7 STRUCTURAL ISOLATION BASES
2.8 CURB BASES
2.9 FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS
2.10 FLOATING FLOORS
2.11 FLOOR CONSTRUCTIONS USED TO SUPPORT MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
2.12 EQUIPMENT VIBRATION ISOLATION REQUIREMENTS
2.13 VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEMS
2.14 VIBRATION ISOLATOR SELECTION
2.15 INVESTIGATION OF VIBRATION PROBLEMS
2.16 CAUSES OF STRUCTURE-BORNE VIBRATION PROBLEMS
TABLE 2-1 VIBRATION CRITERIA CURVES ACCEPTABLE VIBRATION IN BUILDINGS FOR CONTINUOUS VIBRATION (CURVES REFER TO VALUES SPECIFIED FIGURE 2-5)
TABLE 2-2 LIGHTWEIGHT FLOOR CONSTRUCTIONS
TABLE 2-3 EQUIPMENT THAT REQUIRES VIBRATION ISOLATION
TABLE 2-4 VIBRATION ISOLATOR SELECTION GUIDE
TABLE 2-5 POTENTIAL CAUSES OF MACHINE-RELATED VIBRATION PROBLEMS
FIGURE 2-1 ONE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRATING SYSTEM
FIGURE 2-2 HARMONIC MOTION
FIGURE 2-3 AMPLITUDE AND PHASE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
FIGURE 2-4 RELATION BETWEEN STATIC DEFLECTION, d, AND RESONANCE FREQUENCY, fN
FIGURE 2-5 VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM WITH FOUR SPRINGS
FIGURE 2-5 (I-P) BUILDING VIBRATION CRITERIA FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON THE BUILDING STRUCTURE
FIGURE 2-5 (SI) BUILDING VIBRATION CRITERIA FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON THE BUILDING STRUCTURE
FIGURE 2-6 (I-P) EQUIPMENT VIBRATION SEVERITY RATING FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON EQUIPMENT STRUCTURE OR BEARING CAPS
FIGURE 2-6 (SI) EQUIPMENT VIBRATION SEVERITY RATING FOR VIBRATION MEASURED ON EQUIPMENT STRUCTURE OR BEARING CAPS
FIGURE 2-7 MAGNIFICATION FACTOR AND FORCE TRANSMISSIBILITY AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY RATIO
FIGURE 2-8 SCHEMATIC OF TWO-DEGREE-OFFREEDOM VIBRATION MODEL
FIGURE 2-9 TYPICAL TWO-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRATION RESPONSE OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM ON A FLEXIBLE FLOOR
FIGURE 2-10 OPEN EXPOSED SPRING MOUNT
FIGURE 2-11 RESTRAINED SPRING MOUNT
FIGURE 2-12 SPRING HANGER
FIGURE 2-13 NEOPRENE MOUNT
FIGURE 2-14 NEOPRENE PAD
FIGURE 2-15 PNEUMATIC VIBRATION ISOLATOR
FIGURE 2-16 GLASS FIBER PAD
FIGURE 2-17 STRUCTURAL BASE
FIGURE 2-18 STEEL SADDLES
FIGURE 2-19 CONCRETE-STEEL FORM BASE
FIGURE 2-20 CURB BASE
FIGURE 2-21 SPRING THRUST RESTRAINT
FIGURE 2-22 SPRING HANGERS USED TO SUPPORT DUCTS
FIGURE 2-23 BUTYL FLEXIBLE HOSES
FIGURE 2-24 BRAIDED STAINLESS STEEL HOSES
FIGURE 2-25 RUBBER EXPANSION JOINT
FIGURE 2-26 PIPE VIBRATION ISOLATION
FIGURE 2-27 SPRING HANGERS USED TO SUPPORT PIPES
FIGURE 2-28 RISER VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM
FIGURE 2-29 RISER VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM
FIGURE 2-30 FLOATING CONCRETE FLOORS
FIGURE 2-31 JACK-UP FLOATING FLOOR
FIGURE 2-32 WOODEN FLOATING FLOOR
EXAMPLE 2-1
CHAPTER 3 ACOUSTICAL DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS [Go to Page]
3.1 SOUND LEVELS
3.2 SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDELINES
3.3 SOUND PATH DESIGN PROCEDURES
3.4 EQUIPMENT SOUND DATA
3.5 FANS
3.6 VARIABLE-AIR-VOLUME (VAV) SYSTEMS
3.7 ROOFTOP CURB-MOUNTED AIR HANDLERS
3.8 AIRFLOW GENERATED DUCT RUMBLE
3.9 AERODYNAMICALLY GENERATED SOUND IN DUCTS
TABLE 3-1 SOUND SOURCES, TRANSMISSION PATHS, AND RECOMMENDED NOISE REDUCTION METHODS
TABLE 3-2 (I-P) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED DUCT AIRFLOW VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA
TABLE 3-2 (SI) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED DUCT AIRFLOW VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA
TABLE 3-3 (I-P) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED Ã¬FREEÃ® SUPPLY OUTLET AND RETURN AIR OPENING VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA
TABLE 3-3 (SI) MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED Ã¬FREEÃ® SUPPLY OUTLET AND RETURN AIR OPENING VELOCITIES NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIED ACOUSTIC DESIGN CRITERIA
FIGURE 3-1 ILLUSTRATION OF WELLBALANCED HVAC SOUND SPECTRUM FOR OCCUPIED SPACES
FIGURE 3-2 FREQUENCY RANGES OF THE MOST LIKELY SOURCES OF ACOUSTICAL COMPLAINTS
FIGURE 3-3 FREQUENCIES AT WHICH DIFFERENT TYPES OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT GENERALLY CONTROL SOUND SPECTRA
FIGURE 3.4 SUGGESTED SELECTION OF CALCULATED FAN POINT OF OPERATION
FIGURE 3-5 BASIS FOR FAN SELECTION IN VAV SYSTEM
FIGURE 3-6 SOUND PATHS FOR TYPICAL ROOFTOP INSTALLATIONS
FIGURE 3-7 FLOW-GENERATED DUCT RUMBLE
FIGURE 3-8 VARIOUS OUTLET CONFIGURATIONS FOR CENTRIFUGAL FANS AND THEIR POSSIBLE RUMBLE CONDITIONS
FIGURE 3-9 DRYWALL LAGGING ON DUCT FOR DUCT RUMBLE
FIGURE 3-10 DECOUPLED DRYWALL ENCLOSURE FOR DUCT RUMBLE
FIGURE 3-11 RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH EXTERNAL LAGGING
FIGURE 3-12 ROUND DUCT FOR CONTROLLING DUCT RUMBLE
FIGURE 3-13 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT TRANSITIONS AND OFFSETS
FIGURE 3-14 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT
FIGURE 3-15 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT TEES
FIGURE 3-16 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MINIMIZING AIRFLOW GENERATED NOISE IN DUCT ELBOWS
FIGURE 3-17 PROPER AND IMPROPER AIRFLOW CONDITIONS TO AN AIR TERMINAL OUTLET
FIGURE 3-18 EFFECT OF PROPER AND IMPROPER ALIGNMENT OF FLEXIBLE DUCT CONNECTOR
CHAPTER 4 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND [Go to Page]
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 FANS
4.3 REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT
4.4 BOILERS AND STEAM EQUIPMENT
4.5 COOLING TOWERS
4.6 RECIPROCATING ENGINES
4.7 GAS TURBINE ENGINES
4.8 ELECTRIC GENERATORS
4.9 ELECTRIC MOTORS
4.10 PUMPS
4.11 AIR COMPRESSORS
4.12 ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS
TABLE 4-1 SPECIFIC SOUND POWER LEVELS, KW (DB) FOR FAN TOTAL SOUND POWER
TABLE 4-2 BLADE FREQUENCY INCREMENTS (BFI)
TABLE 4-3 CORRECTION FACTOR, C, FOR OFF-PEAK OPERATION
TABLE 4-4 CORRECTION VALUES FOR OBTAINING CHILLER OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS
TABLE 4-5 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR ABSORPTION MACHINES
TABLE 4-6 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR BOILERS AND STEAM EQUIPMENT
TABLE 4-7 FREQUENCY CORRECTION VALUES FOR COOLING TOWERS
TABLE 4-8 CORRECTIONS TO AVERAGE LP VALUES FOR DIRECTION EFFECTS OF COOLING TOWERS
TABLE 4-9 APPROXIMATE CLOSE-IN LP NEAR THE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE OPENINGS OF COOLING TOWERS
TABLE 4-10 CORRECTION TERMS FOR EQUATION 4-10
TABLE 4-11 CORRECTION TERMS FOR LW CALCULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RECIPROCATING ENGINES
TABLE 4-12 CORRECTION TERMS FOR LW CALCULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH GAS TURBINES
TABLE 4-13 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRIC GENERATORS
TABLE 4-14 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRIC MOTORS
TABLE 4-15 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH PUMPS
TABLE 4-16 OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR AIR COMPRESSORS
TABLE 4-17 CORRECTION TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMERS
FIGURE 4-1 COOLING TOWERS
EXAMPLE 4-1
EXAMPLE 4-2
EXAMPLE 4-3
EXAMPLE 4-4
EXAMPLE 4-5
EXAMPLE 4-6
EXAMPLE 4-7
EXAMPLE 4-8
EXAMPLE 4-9
CHAPTER 5 SOUND GENERATION AND ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH DUCTS AND DUCT FITTINGS [Go to Page]
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 REGENERATED SOUND POWER ASSOCIATED WITH DUCT FITTINGS
5.3 SOUND ATTENUATION ASSOCIATED WITH DUCT ELEMENTS
5.4 SOUND POWER BREAKOUT AND BREAKIN IN DUCTS
5.5 INSERTION LOSS OF EXTERNAL LAGGING ON RECTANGULAR DUCTS
TABLE 5-1 ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS FOR SELECTED PLENUM MATERIALS
TABLE 5-2 SOUND ATTENUATION IN UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
TABLE 5-3 (I-P) SOUND ATTENUATION (DB/FT) IN UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
TABLE 5-3 (SI) SOUND ATTENUATION (DB/M) IN UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
TABLE 5-4 CONSTANTS FOR USE IN EQUATION 5-45
TABLE 5-5 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 1-in. FIBERGLASS LINING
TABLE 5-5 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 25-mm FIBERGLASS LINING
TABLE 5-6 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 2-in. FIBERGLASS LINING
TABLE 5-6 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 51-mm FIBERGLASS LINING
TABLE 5-7 (I-P) SOUND ATTENUATION IN STRAIGHT CIRCULAR DUCTS (DB/FT)
TABLE 5-7 (SI) SOUND ATTENUATION IN STRAIGHT CIRCULAR DUCTS (DB/M)
TABLE 5-8 COEFFICIENTS FOR EQUATION 5-48
TABLE 5-9 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 1-in. FIBERGLASS LINING
TABLE 5-9 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 25-mm FIBERGLASS LINING
TABLE 5-10 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 2-in. FIBERGLASS LINING
TABLE 5-10 (SI) INSERTION LOSS FOR DUALWALL CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS 51-mm FIBERGLASS LINING
TABLE 5-11 (I-P) VALUES OF BW (KHz-IN.)
TABLE 5-11 (SI) VALUES OF BW (KHz-MM)
TABLE 5-12 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITHOUT TURNING VANES
TABLE 5-12 (SI) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITHOUT TURNING VANES
TABLE 5-13 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF ROUND ELBOWS
TABLE 5-13 (SI) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF ROUND ELBOWS
TABLE 5-14 (I-P) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITH TURNING VANES
TABLE 5-14 (SI) INSERTION LOSS VALUES OF UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITH TURNING VANES
TABLE 5-15 7 FT (2.1 M), RECTANGULAR SILENCER - 20-25 PERCENT OPEN FACE AREA
TABLE 5-16 7 FT (2.1 M), RECTANGULAR SILENCER - 45-50 PERCENT OPEN FACE AREA
TABLE 5-17 CIRCULAR SILENCER WITH A CENTER BODY
TABLE 5-18 CIRCULAR SILENCER WITHOUT A CENTER BODY
TABLE 5-19 COEFFICIENTS FOR DETERMINING STATIC PRESSURE DROP ACROSS DUCT SILENCERS
TABLE 5-20 COEFFICIENTS FOR SYSTEM COMPONENT EFFECTS ON DUCT SILENCERS
TABLE 5-21 DUCT BRANCH SOUND POWER DIVISION
TABLE 5-22 DUCT END REFLECTION LOSS DUCT TERMINATED IN FREE SPACE
TABLE 5-23 DUCT END REFLECTION LOSS DUCT TERMINATED FLUSH WITH A WALL
TABLE 5-24 TLOUT VALUES FOR UNLINED RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
TABLE 5-25 TLOUT VALUES FOR 1-in.-THICK (25 mm), FIGERGLASS-LINED, RECTANGULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
TABLE 5-26 TLOUT VALUES FOR UNLINED, SPIRAL-WOUND, CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
TABLE 5-27 TLOUT VALUES FOR 1-in.-THICK (25 mm), FIBERGLASS-LINED, SPIRAL-WOUND, CIRCULAR SHEET METAL DUCTS
TABLE 5-28 TLOUT VALUES FOR 1-in.-THICK (25 mm), 4.4 lb/ft3 (70.5 kg/m3) DENSITY, FOIL-BACK, FIBERGLASS DUCT BOARD DUCTS
TABLE 5-29 TLOUT VS. FREQUENCY FOR FLAT OVAL DUCTS
TABLE 5-30 TLIN VS. FREQUENCY FOR FLAT OVAL DUCTS
FIGURE 5-1 DAMPER
FIGURE 5-2 CHARACTERISTIC SPECTRUM, KD, FOR DAMPERS
FIGURE 5-3 90-DEGREE ELBOW FITTED WITH TURNING VANES
FIGURE 5-4 CHARACTERISTIC SPECTRUM, KT, FOR ELBOWS FITTED WITH TURNING VANES
FIGURE 5-5 ELBOWS, JUNCTIONS, AND BRANCH TAKEOFFS
FIGURE 5-6 CORRECTION FACTORS FOR CORNER ROUNDING AND FOR UPSTREAM TURBULENCE
FIGURE 5-7 CHARACTERISTIC SPECTRUM, KJ, FOR TURNS AND JUNCTIONS
FIGURE 5-8 GENERALIZED OCTAVE BAND SPECTRUM SHAPE ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFUSER NOISE
FIGURE 5-9 SCHEMATIC OF A PLENUM CHAMBER
FIGURE 5-10 INSERTION LOSS VALUES FOR UNLINED AND LINED SQUARE ELBOWS WITHOUT TURNING VANES
FIGURE 5-11 RECTANGULAR DUCT ELBOWS
FIGURE 5-12 DISSIPATIVE PASSIVE DUCT SILENCERS
FIGURE 5-13 ACTIVE DUCT SILENCER
FIGURE 5-14 INSERTION LOSS OF ACTIVE AND DISSIPATIVE SILENCERS
FIGURE 5-15 BREAKOUT AND BREAKIN OF SOUND IN DUCTS
FIGURE 5-16 TLOUT ASSOCIATED WITH UNLINED AND ACOUSTICALLY LINED RECTANGULAR DUCTS
FIGURE 5-17 TLOUT ASSOCIATED WITH UNLINED AND ACOUSTICALLY LINED SPIRALWOUND CIRCULAR DUCTS
FIGURE 5-18 TLOUT ASSOCIATED WITH FOILBACK, FIBERGLASS DUCT BOARD DUCTS
FIGURE 5-19 FLAT OVAL DUCT
FIGURE 5-20 EXTERNAL DUCT LAGGING ON RECTANGULAR DUCTS
FIGURE 5-21 INSERTION LOSS ASSOCIATAED WITH RECTANGULAR DUCT LAGGING
EXAMPLE 5-1
EXAMPLE 5-2
EXAMPLE 5-3 (X-Junction)
EXAMPLE 5-4 (T-Junction)
EXAMPLE 5-5 (90-degree Elbow without Turning Vanes)
EXAMPLE 5-6 (90-degree Branch Takeoff)
EXAMPLE 5-7
EXAMPLE 5-8
EXAMPLE 5-9
EXAMPLE 5-10
EXAMPLE 5-11
EXAMPLE 5-12
EXAMPLE 5-13
EXAMPLE 5-14
EXAMPLE 5-15
EXAMPLE 5-16
EXAMPLE 5-17
EXAMPLE 5-18
EXAMPLE 5-19
EXAMPLE 5-20
EXAMPLE 5-21
EXAMPLE 5-19
EXAMPLE 5-20
CHAPTER 6 SOUND TRANSMISSION IN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACES [Go to Page]
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 SOUND TRANSMISSION THROUGH CEILING SYSTEMS
6.3 RECEIVER ROOM SOUND CORRECTIONS
6.4 SOUND TRANSMISSION THROUGH MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM WALLS, FLOOR, OR CEILING
6.5 SOUND TRANSMISSION IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
TABLE 6-1 (I-P) TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES FOR CEILING MATERIALS
TABLE 6-1 (SI) TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES FOR CEILING MATERIALS
TABLE 6-2 FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEILING CONFIGURATIONS
TABLE 6-3 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF TYPICAL INTEGRATED CEILING SYSTEMS
Table 6-4 (I-P) CEILING/PLENUM/ROOM SOUND ATTENUATION FOR GENERIC SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEMS*
Table 6-4 (SI) CEILING/PLENUM/ROOM SOUND ATTENUATION FOR GENERIC SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEMS*
TABLE 6-5 AVERAGE SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT, , FOR TYPICAL ROOM SURFACES
TABLE 6-6 ENERGY ATTENUATION CONSTANT, 4m
TABLE 6-7 SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS FOR VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
TABLE 6-8 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF DRYWALL CONFIGURATIONS
TABLE 6-9 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF MASONRY/FLOOR/CEILING CONFIGURATIONS
TABLE 6-10 TRANSMISSION LOSS VALUES OF PAINTED MASONRY BLOCK WALLS AND PAINTED BLOCK WALLS WITH RESILIENTLY MOUNTED GYPSUM WALLBOARD
TABLE 6-11 CORRECTION FACTORS FOR THE QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION
FIGURE 6-1 SOUND SOURCE NEAR A REFLECTING SURFACE
FIGURE 6-2 CORRECTION FACTOR, DL, ASSOCIATED WITH A VERTICAL REFLECTING SURFACE
FIGURE 6-3 RIGID FINITE BARRIER
FIGURE 6-4 EXCESS ATTENUATION OF SOUND ASSOCIATED WITH A FINITE RIGID BARRIER
EXAMPLE 6-1
EXAMPLE 6-2
EXAMPLE 6-3
EXAMPLE 6-4
EXAMPLE 6-5
CHAPTER 7 HVAC SYSTEM EXAMPLE [Go to Page]
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 EXAMPLE
TABLE 7-1 SUPPLY AIR SOUND PATH 1
TABLE 7-2 SUPPLY AIR SOUND PATH 2
TABLE 7-3 RETURN AIR SOUND PATH 3
TABLE 7-4 TOTAL SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS - ALL PATHS
FIGURE 7-1 SOUND PATHS FOR THE ROOF TOP UNIT
FIGURE 7-2 SOUND PATHS 1 AND 2 IN THE SUPPLY AIR SIDE OF THE ROOF TOP UNIT
FIGURE 7-3 SOUND PATH 3 IN THE RETURN AIR SIDE OF THE ROOF TOP UNIT
CHAPTER 8 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND AND VIBRATION SPECIFICATIONS AND INSPECTIONS [Go to Page]
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND AND VIBRATION SPECIFICATIONS
8.3 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SOUND AND VIBRATION ISOLATION INSPECTIONS
CHAPTER 9 SOUND INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS [Go to Page]
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 SOUND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION
9.3 INDOOR SOUND MEASUREMENTS
9.4 OUTDOOR SOUND MEASUREMENTS
FIGURE 9-1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SOUND LEVEL METER
FIGURE 9-2 SECTIONAL VIEW OF A CONDENSER MICROPHONE
FIGURE 9-3 RECOMMENDED MICROPHONES AND MICROPHONE ORIENTATIONS FOR FREE FIELD AND DIFFUSE FIELD SOUND MEASUREMENTS
FIGURE 9-4 POSITION OF SOUND LEVEL METER FOR MEASURING SOUND LEVELS
CHAPTER 10 VIBRATION INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENTS [Go to Page]
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 VIBRATION MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION
10.3 INDOOR VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
10.4 LOCATIONS FOR THE VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
10.5 VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
10.6 ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
10.7 REPORT
FIGURE 10-1 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE STUD-MOUNTED ACCELEROMETER WITH OIL FILM RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
FIGURE 10-2 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE CEMENT-MOUNTED ACCELEROMETER RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
FIGURE 10-3 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE ACCELEROMETER MOUNTED BY DOUBLE-SIDED ADHESIVE TAPE RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
FIGURE 10-4 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE ACCELEROMETER MOUNTED WITH A THIN LAYER OF BEESWAX RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
FIGURE 10-5 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE MAGNETICALLY MOUNTED ACCELEROMETER RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT ITS ATTACHMENT
FIGURE 10-6 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A REPRESENTATIVE ACCELEROMETER ATTACHED TO A HAND-HELD PROBE RELATIVE TO THE ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION OF THE STRUCTURE AT THE CONTACT POINT
FIGURE 10-7 POSITIONS AND DIRECTIONS OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENT ON MOTOR AND SHAFT BEARINGS
FIGURE 10-8 LOCATIONS OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS ON STRUCTURAL MACHINE BASES
FIGURE 10-9 LOCATIONS OF VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS ON INERTIA MACHINE BASES
REFERENCES
GLOSSARY
INDEX [Go to Page]

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HVAC Sound and Vibration Manual, 1st Edition, 2004